[Studying the effect of mesenteric ischemia on pH value and potassium level of DPL in rats]

Mesenteric ischemia is a potentially life-threatening disorder; however, there is still no exact diagnosis for it. This study was designed to evaluate pH value and potassium level of DPL for diagnosing mesenteric ischemia in the afflicted rats. In this experimental study, 32 rats were divided in four groups [8 rats in each group]. In groups 1 and 2 abdomen was opened and closed without any medical interventions then through a catheter they were injected 200cc of normal saline intraperitoneally. In group 1 after one hour and in group 2 after two hours the liquid was lavaged for determination of potassium and pH values. A blood sample was also prepared for determination of potassium. In groups 3 and 4, after anesthesia, the main branch of the superior mesenteric artery was ligated with a non-absorbable suture and the animals were introduced to the procedures just mentioned. Mesenteric ischemia led to varied peritoneal pH and blood as well as peritoneal lavage potassium between the two groups. Only blood/peritoneal potassium level showed a significant difference after 2 hours of mesenteric artery ligation. Peritoneal pH and blood/peritoneal lavage potassium can be used as an indicator of mesenteric ischemia. Blood/ peritoneal potassium level may also be helpful to predict the duration of mesenteric ischemia

[ study on trauma epidemiology in children referred to Isfahan Alzahra hospital during 2004-7]

Accidents are the leading cause of emergency room admissions and mortality for children below the age of 15. This study evaluate overall epidemiological information of pediatric trauma in children referred to Isfahan Alzahra Hospital. This cross-sectional study included 2300 children admitted to Alzahra Hospital emergency room during 2005-8. Data including age, sex, kind of trauma, site of injury, blood pressure and cause of death were recorded in prepared checklist by the study of hospital files. Female to male ratio was 2:1 [66.7% versus 33.3]. Most of the events [45%] happened at home and school. Fall [32%] followed by motor vehicle accidents [31.1%] were the most common mechanisms of trauma. The most common areas injured in pediatric multiple trauma victims were head [34.3%] and limbs [18.9%]. Mortality rate was [4.1%].Falling down and traffic accidents are very common in pediatric emergencies. Training the parents to believe that their children are in need of protection and surveillance is the most effective program of decreasing trauma-induced mortality in children

Comparative analysis of first-degree relative's karyotype of mentally-retarded children with chromosome abnormalities and normal children

Background and Purpose: The first chromosomal abnormality was first reported in 1959 by Lujeune and his collogues and since then, studies have suggested the relationship between chromosomal abnormalities and retarded phenotype of the affected children. Nowadays, therefore, detecting chromosomal abnormalities is considered the primary diagnostic tool in congenital abnormalities including mental retardations. This study is, therefore, intended to compare the first-degree relatives' karyotoype of mentally-retarded children with such abnormalities with those of normal children

Materials and Methods: in this case - control study Blood samples were taken from 62 relatives of mentally-retarded children and 22 healthy volunteer subjects. After culturing and staining by Gimsa, the chromosomal expansions of blood lymphocytes were examined by a microscope

Results: It was revealed that 75.8% of the experimental subjects [47 cases] had a kind of chromosomal abnormality including 44.7% structural, 25.5% numerical, and 29.78% mixed abnormalities. Also, abnormal karyotype was observed in 82.54% of parents, and 73.4% of the siblings

Conclusion: The high percentage of abnormal karyotype in parent and siblings of the mentally-retarded subjects, in comparison with the control group, suggest their close relationship with abnormal phenotypes in the affected children. Also, the high percentage of children [73.4%] of [at least one of] parents with abnormalities may indicate the significant role of genetics and heredity in transmitting these defects. The consequence of which may be physical and mental disorders in the affected children